Internal-combustion engine



. s. FEKETE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED .DEQZY, 1918. 1 33 436,, Patented Feb. 10,1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I- I a S. l. FEKETE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC-27, 1918.

1 330,436. Patented Feb. 10, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STAT S PATENT mm. v

STEPHEN I.

FEKETE. OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO ESSEX MOTORS, OF

DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A. CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN.

- i INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

- Patented Feb. 10, 1920.

Application filed December 27, 1918. Serial No. 268.465.

'1 '0 (1H whom it may concern.

Be it knownthat I, S'rnrnnx I. Future, a subject of the King of Hungary,residing at Detroit, county of \Vayne, State of Michigan, have inventeda certain new and useful Improvement in Internal-Combustion Engines, ofwhich the following is a specificatiom reference being had therein tothe accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines ,andparticularly to water cooled engines having a thermo-siphon coolingsystem. The engine embodying my invention has exhaustvalves in pocketsadjacent the cylinders and inlet valves inverted in theremovablecylinder heads and located directly over the respective cylinders. Myinvention therefore has for its object to provide a water jacket'ing foran engine having the said arrangement of working elements which shallcool all the parts uniformly and which will induce a suflicient andsteady uniform flow through the various cooling spaces. I

As is well known to those skilled in the art one difliculty with coolingystems which operate on the thcrmo-siphon system has been that the waterin the system will boil and then steam will accumulate in some portionof the system until a pressure is produced sufficient to overcome theresistance.

of the flow of the water after which the steam and water will be ejectedforcibly. Thi results in an uneven flow through the cooling system,imperfect and insufficient cooling of certain parts of the engineproducing pre-ignition and boiling so that there is a loss of water inthe cooling system.

I overcome these difficulties in the engine embodying my invention bydirecting the cooling fluid first onto the cooler parts of the engineand leading it from them to the hotter parts and placing the partsthrough which the cooling fluid finally passes into the outlet manifolddirectly over the hottest parts of the cylinder block casting so thatthe. cooling fluid when heated to its maximum temperature rises andescapes immediately into the outlet manifold.

As is well known to those skilled in the art the space above the exhaustvalve is the point of highest temperature in the system, therefore Iplace the outlets to the outlet manifold directly over the exhaustvalves and lead the cooling fluid around the cylwater jackets withoutbeing turned back on itself in such a manner a to produce eddies orpockets. opportunity for steam to be pocketed and Furthermore, there isno accumulate over the exhaust valve and thus to eject the waterforcibly and spasmodically.

In the accompanying drawings, I have shown my invention as applied to afourcylinder engine having a removable cylinder head, the remainder ofthe engine being cast in a single block. It will be under stood howeverthat my invention is applicable to other types of engines.

The invention will be fully understood from the following descriptionwhen taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and the novelfeatures thereof will be pointed out and clearly defined in the claimsat the close of this specification.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a transverse section of the cylinder blockand removable head and outlet manifold of an engine embodying myinvention taken on line 11 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a section on line 22 ofFig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a plan view partly broken away.

Referring now to the drawings, at Ais shown the cylinder block, at B theremovable head and at C the water outlet mani fold. The water inlet pipeis shown at D. The cylinders are designated 10, 11, 12 and 13respectively and each has a combustion chamber all of which aredesignated 14 in the drawings. The upper surface of the combustionchamber is formed by the under surface of the removable head B. In eachcombustion chamber 14 is an exhaust valve 15 of the ordinary puppettype. Each combustion chamber communicates through an exhaust passage 16in the casting with the exhaust manifold 17. The exhaust passages 16 areconveniently of oblong cross section as seen in Fig. 2. Over eachcylinder is located an inlet valve 18 which is in inverted position andseats on the under surface of the removable head. The inlet manifold 20branches and runs longitudinally through the removable head formingcircular spaces 21 around each inlet valve 18. The portion 4 of theinlet passage 20 slopes downwardly so that the explosive mixture raisedthereby, improving the volumetric efficiency of the engine.

The spark plugs are designated and are located directly over therespective cylinders. The inlet valve is operated by a rocker arm 24,spring 25, push rod 26, the rocker arm 24 being mounted on a bracket 27secured to the upper surface of the cylinder head. Such of these partsas are above the upper surface of the removable cylinder head areinclosed in a casing 2-8. The water outlet manifold C is provided withbranches 29 each of which is as nearlydirect-lyover the correspondingexhaust valve 15 as the casing 28 permits it to be placed.

The arrangement of water holes connecting the water jacket of the engineblock with the space within the removable cylinder head is veryimportant and will now be described.

Since the arrangement on each side of the transverse center line issubstantially symmetrical, .the location of the holes on one side onlywill be described. There are two holes 30 and 31 adjacent the cylinder10 and two more holes 32 and 33'adjacent the cylinder 11. These holesare located between the cylinder and the side wall of the casting andregister with corresponding holes in the engine block or removable headas the case may be. At 34 is shown a water hole located in the spacebetween the two cylinders 10 and 11. There is another water hole 35 in acorresponding position on the other side of the cylinder 11. At 36, 37and 38 are three more water holes located at the sides of the cylinders10 and 11. There are alsolarger holes 40, 41, 42 and 43 located betweenthe exhaust valves 14 and the side wall of the cylinder. A small hole 44is also located between the holes and 41 and another small hole 45between the holes 42 and 43. v j

The sizes of the various holes are determined by the amount of coolingfluid which it is desired to have pass the different points, and thetotal area of the holes connecting the engine block, and water jacketwith the water space in' the removable head is substantially equal to,though slightly greater than, the area of the outlet manifold or thetotal area of thebranch outlet manifold pipes 29.

At 46 is shown a tube which is inserted in the water jacket of thecylinder block between the two cylinders 11 and 12 for the purpose ofdirecting the flow of wateras it from the inlet pipe D. This pipe 46 isconveniently made of the shape shown in cross section in Fig. 2 and hasa split or opening 47 along the through the pipe. This pipe has theeffect of distributing the flow of water in the cylintop to permit theescape of a portion of the water which enters der jacket in a directionsuch that it'improves the circulation in the jacket.

The relative sizes of the various water holes which afi'ord accumulationbetween the water jacket in the cylinder block and that in the removablehead are very carefully proportioned so that the flow of water shall bedistributed. about the various partrof the engine as is necessary toproduc satisfactory cooling and the most rapid circulation possible.

In path: It enters through the inlet pipe D and is distributedlengthwise through the engine block cylinder casting. A portion of thefluid passes around the exhaust valves '15 and the exhaust passages 16and up through the holes 37, 40 and 41 into the tubular connections 29of the water outlet manifold C. Another portion of the water rises onthe side of the cylinders which is away from the exhaust valves andescapes through theholes 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 into the jacket inthe removable head. Bein at this time on the side of the engine away romthe exhaust valves the water in escaping through the tubular connections29 must flow around the inlet valves 18 and across that portion a (seeFig. 1) of the wall of the removable head which lies directly over thevalve pockets 14 and the exhaust valves 15. Since these are the hottestpoints in the engine the water on reaching these points is suddenly.heated and tends to rise sharply thereby stimulating the flow ofcooling fluid through the system. While the tubular connections 29 ofthe outlet manifold C are not'directly over the exhaust valves 15 whenviewed in the plane of Fig. 1, theyfare nevertheless substantially soand therefore there is no tendency for steam, if steam should be formedby the passageof the water over the valve pockets, to be pocketed and toproduce spasmodic flow in the cooling system. While the outlet manifoldis placed as nearly over the exhaust valves when viewed in Fig. 1 as ispermitted by the valve operating mechanism, the position to the left ofthe center line of the exhaust valves 15 is an advantage rather than adetriment because this position forces the cooling fluid to traverse thesurface of the valve pockets before it escapes through the tubularconnections 29 of the water outlet manifold. I find in actual practicethat the herein described cooling system is much more efficient thanthermosiphon systems heretofore in use, and that a rapid flow of waterproperly proportioned to the relative temperatures of the respectiveparts of the engine results and that there is no pocketing of thecooling fluid which results in spasmodic flow even when the engine isrun very hot.'

What I claim is:

' I 1.. In an internal combustion engine havgeneral water follows thefollowinging a thermosi hon cooling system, an engine block having valvepockets at one side of each cylinder, a water outlet manifold, andexhaust valves in said pockets, the said water outlet manifold beingsubstantially over the said exhaust valves so that the most highlyheated cooling fluid will rise directly into the said outlet manifold.

2. In an internal combustion engine having a. thermo-siphon coolingsystem, an engine block having a plurality of cylinders and a valvepocket for each cylinder formed therein, exhaust valves in said pockets,a water outlet manifold having a separate tubular connection for each ofsaid cylinders, said'tubular connections being substantially over therespective exhaust valves, so that the most highly heated cooling fluidwill rise directly into the corresponding tubular connections of theoutlet manifold.

3. In an internal combustion engine, cylinders, exhaust valves at thesides of the cylinders, a water outlet manifold above and to one side ofsaid exhaust valves, there being water holes at the sides of thecylinders away from the exhaust valves so that the water which comes upthrough said water holes may pass across said exhaust valves to escapethrough said outlet manifold.

4. In an internal combustion engine, an engine block containing aplurality of cylinders arranged lengthwise of the block, an exhaustvalve for each cylinder each located in a pocket on the same side of thecylinders, an inverted inlet valve above each cylinder, valve actuatingmechanism for said inlet valves located above the .said cylinders, andan outlet manifold above the exhaust valves and beside the said inletvalve actuating mechanism, there being water holes at the side of thecylinders away from the exhaust valves so that the cooling fluid whichpasses up through said water holes must pass across the wall of thevalve pocket opposite the exhaust valve to escape through the outletmanifold.

5. In an internal combustion engine, an engine block containing aplurality of cylinders arranged lengthwise of the block, an

exhaust valve for each cylinder each located in a pocket on the side ofthe cylinder, a removable head for the cylinder block, inverted inletvalves in said head, and an outlet manifold above said exhaust valvesand having as many openings as there are exhaust valves, there beingregistering water holes in the proximate faces of said cylinder blockand removable head some of said holes being located on the side of thecylinders which is away from the exhaust pockets so that the Waterpassing through said holes must pass across the wall of the removablehead over the valve pocket before it escapes throu h the outletmanifold.

6. 11 an internal combustion engine, an engine block containing aplurality of cylinders and having exhaust pockets and ex haust passagespassing out of the block on the same side as the exhaust pockets, anexhaust valve for said cylinders in said pockets, a water jacket aboutthe cylinder, exhaust pockets and exhaust passages, a removable head forthe cylinder block, inverted inlet valves in said head, an outletmanifold on said head above the exhaust valves, there being registeringwater holes in the proximate faces of said cylinder block and removablehead some of said holes being located on the side of the cylin- -derswhich is away from the exhaust pockets so that the water passing throughsaid holes must pass across the wall over the.

valve pocket before it escapes through the outlet manifold, and othersof said holes providing direct communication between the portion of thejacket about the exhaust valves and the water space in the removablehead below the outlet manifold.

7. In an internal combustion engine having a thermo-siphon coolingsystem, an engine block having a plurality of cylinders and a valvepocket for each cylinder therein,

' exhaust valves in said pockets, a removable head for said cylinderblock, inverted inlet valves in said head over said cylinders, and anoutlet manifold substantially over the exhaust valves, there being waterholes at the side of the cylinders away from the exhaust valves so thatthe cooling fluid which comes up from the side of the cylinders throughsaid water holes must pass across the wall of the removable head overthe valve pocket before it escapes through the outlet manifold.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature. STEPHEN I. FEKETE.

